Parian is a white unglazed statuary porcelain resembling marble, named after the Greek Island of Paros, which produces a very fine white marble. The Copeland & Garrett factory at Stoke-on-Trent is credited with the introduction of parian ware to Britain. Production of parian ware figures at Copeland commenced about 1841, and some of the figures were based on works by sculptors John Bell, and American Hiram Powers. Sales of parian figures were boosted by special orders from the Art Union of London commencing in 1844, where subscribers paid an annual fee, and in return participated in a ballot to receive a copy of an art work. The increased popularity of parian ware encouraged other factories to begin production of statuary figures, with Minton and Robinson & Leadbetter being the major producers along with Copeland.

117 items found:

These items have been sold, and the description, image and price are for reference purposes only.

You can reduce the number of items displayed by entering a keyword that must be included in the description of the item.

OR

You can restrict the number of items to those sold in recent years. Select which years:

A Belleek

Belleek "Clytie" Parian and Glazed Bust, 28 cm Height

A Belleek "Clytie" parian and glazed bust, height 28 cm

A rare pair of Minton parian ware busts of William IV and Queen…

Rare Pair of Minton Parian Ware Busts of Royalty

A rare pair of Minton parian ware busts of William IV and Queen Adelaide, English circa 1835, 17 cm and 19 cm high, on glazed socle bases. Provenance: Havelock House Antiques, Goolwa, South Australia 1984

A Robinson & Leadbeater parian bust of a maiden, 'Spring',…

Robinson & Leadbeater Parian Bust of Maiden 'Spring' 1870s

A Robinson & Leadbeater parian bust of a maiden, 'Spring', 1870s, modelled in classical manner, the hair elaborately plaited and coiled, on a moulded circular socle, 36 cm high, 20.5 cm wide, 16 cm deep, Literature illustrated and identified as model B67…

A pair of Minton tinted parian figures, 'Psyche' and 'Pandora',…

Minton Tinted Parian Figures: 'Psyche' and 'Pandora' (1873-1874)

A pair of Minton tinted parian figures, 'Psyche' and 'Pandora', dated 1873 and 1874, after Albert-Ernest Carrier-Belleuse, each modelled standing against a tree stump, half draped and holding their respective attributes, the skin and foliage in white,…

Two Copeland parian ware figures, Prince Albert and Queen…

Pair of Copeland Parian Ware Figures: Prince Albert & Queen

Two Copeland parian ware figures, Prince Albert and Queen Victoria, circa 1853, the busts raised on waisted bases, signed and dated verso, J. S. Westmacott, with impressed Copeland stamp, the largest 29 cm high

Royal Copenhagen antique parian porcelain bust of a lady, circa…

Antique Royal Copenhagen Parian Porcelain Lady Bust, circa 1860s

Royal Copenhagen antique parian porcelain bust of a lady, circa 1860s, 28.5 cm high

Parian Ware bust, quality bisque porcelain depicting a French…

French Maiden Parian Ware Bust: Elegant Bisque Porcelain Sculpture

Parian Ware bust, quality bisque porcelain depicting a French maiden wearing a frilled collared dress and lace head band height 26 cm, width 26 cm

A Copeland parian ware bust of Princess Louise, on socle base…

Princess Louise Parian Ware Bust by Mary Thornycroft

A Copeland parian ware bust of Princess Louise, on socle base and with impressed marks to the back. Sculpted by Mary Thornycroft (1809-1895) and commissioned to commemorate Louise's marriage to the Duke of Argyll. Note: Louise was the fourth daughter of…

A 19th century Copeland parian bust of the water nymph Clytie…

Copeland Parian Bust of Clytie

A 19th century Copeland parian bust of the water nymph Clytie on socle base marked Art Union of London, height 35 cm

A Copeland parian ware bust, 'Louise', by Mary Thornycroft,…

Princess Louise Parian Ware Bust by Thornycroft

A Copeland parian ware bust, 'Louise', by Mary Thornycroft, 19th century, depicting Princess Louise, the fourth daughter of Queen Victoria, modelled in the classical manner, issued to commemorate her wedding to the ninth Duke of Argyll, impressed to the…

Parian ware pair of busts, King George and Queen Mary pair of…

Royal Parian Ware Busts - King George & Queen Mary

Parian ware pair of busts, King George and Queen Mary pair of white parian ware busts., small chip to crown, height 15 cm

Adams & Co. 'Richard Cobden' antique English parian porcelain…

19th Century Richard Cobden Parian Porcelain Bust

Adams & Co. 'Richard Cobden' antique English parian porcelain bust, 19th century, stamped 'Richard Cobden, Adams & Co. W.E. Wyon. F.', 42 cm high

Copeland Art Union 'May Queen' parian ware bust, finely…

"May Queen" Parian Ware Bust by John Durham

Copeland Art Union 'May Queen' parian ware bust, finely modelled John Durham ceramic of young 'May Queen' with floral garland upon head. HEIGHT 33 cm

A Victorian parian ware bust of Prince Albert by W. H. Kerr &…

Victorian Parian Ware Bust of Prince Albert

A Victorian parian ware bust of Prince Albert by W. H. Kerr & Co., Worcester, circa 1855, on socle base. Impressed mark E.G Jones, Sculptor and printed maker's mark, height 32.5 cm.

A Victorian parian ware bust of Clytie, the ancient…

Victorian Parian Ware Clytie Bust

A Victorian parian ware bust of Clytie, the ancient mythological Greek water nymph, based on the ancient Roman marble sculpture of Clytie in the Townley collection at the British Museum, height 19.5 cm

A Victorian parian ware John & Thomas Bevington bust 'The bride…

Victorian Parian Ware Veiled Bride Bust

A Victorian parian ware John & Thomas Bevington bust 'The bride of Lammermoor,' the veiled bride in the style of Rafaelle Monti, an Italian sculptor known for depicting the human form draped in a veil, socle base. Impressed marks, height 21 cm.

A Parian porcelain bust of a young woman, circa 1900,…

Summer Harvest

A Parian porcelain bust of a young woman, circa 1900, emblematic of Summer and the harvest bearing ears of wheat to her hair and decolletage, raised on a stepped socle, blue mark underside, 50 cm high

Victorian James and Thomas Bevington parian bust of Juliet, 28…

Victorian Parian Bust of Juliet

Victorian James and Thomas Bevington parian bust of Juliet, 28 cm high

A Victorian Parian ware bust, Of Clytie the water nymph, chip…

Victorian Parian Ware Bust of Clytie

A Victorian Parian ware bust, Of Clytie the water nymph, chip to base. 21 cm x 26 cm.

Victorian Copeland parian ware bust by F M Miller of Princess…

Victorian Princess Alexandra Parian Ware Bust

Victorian Copeland parian ware bust by F M Miller of Princess Alexandra, stamped Crystal Palace Art Union, 25 cm height

19th century Copeland parian ware bust 'Happy Dreams', the back…

"Happy Dreams" Parian Ware Bust, 1875

19th century Copeland parian ware bust 'Happy Dreams', the back stamped with title, ceramic and Crystal Palace Art Union 1875, L a Malempre, 32 cm height

Sir Colin Campbell, a parian ware bust by Copeland, height 23 cm

Sir Colin Campbell Bust by Copeland

Sir Colin Campbell, a parian ware bust by Copeland, height 23 cm

A Copeland parian portrait bust of Lord Byron, height 20 cm

Lord Byron Parian Portrait Bust by Copeland

A Copeland parian portrait bust of Lord Byron, height 20 cm

Sevres parian busts, pair of busts depicting 19th century lady…

Sevres Parian Lady and Gentleman Busts on Blue Base

Sevres parian busts, pair of busts depicting 19th century lady and gentleman on cobalt blue square base

A parian Minton bust of the Duchess of Kent, marked Mary…

Minton Duchess of Kent Bust, 1849

A parian Minton bust of the Duchess of Kent, marked Mary Thornycroft 1849 verso, height 22.5 cm

A Copeland parian bust of Prince Albert Edward, marked Marshall…

Prince Albert Edward Bust, 1863

A Copeland parian bust of Prince Albert Edward, marked Marshall wood Sculp 1863 and Crystal Palace Art Union verso, height 32 cm

A parian bust of Queen Victoria, Copeland 1853, marked J…

Copeland Parian Bust of Queen Victoria

A parian bust of Queen Victoria, Copeland 1853, marked J Sherwood Westmacott verso, height 29 cm

Copeland parian ware bust Enid, beautifully modelled bust of a…

Copeland Parian Ware Bust of Enid with Royal Crest

Copeland parian ware bust Enid, beautifully modelled bust of a maiden with Royal crest to blouse, signed F.M. Miller Copeland

A Royal Doulton parian HM Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother…

Limited Edition Queen Mother Bust by Royal Doulton

A Royal Doulton parian HM Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother bust HN4340, limited edition 510/2000, 16 cm.

19th century Wedgwood parian bust, depicting John Milton,…

Wedgwood Parian Bust of John Milton

19th century Wedgwood parian bust, depicting John Milton, raised on a round pedestal, impressed Milton/ Wedgwood/E.W. Wyon F. To back, a/f (repaired), height 36 cm

Parian ware bust of Clytie, modelled with head downcast, on a…

Clytie Bust on Socle Base

Parian ware bust of Clytie, modelled with head downcast, on a socle base, height 29 cm

Parian ware bust of Venus de Milo, raised on a socle base, a/f…

Parian Venus de Milo Bust on Socle Base, 27cm

Parian ware bust of Venus de Milo, raised on a socle base, a/f (slight chip to shoulder), height 27 cm

19th century parian bust of Sir Walter Scott, by Robinson &…

Parian Bust of Sir Walter Scott

19th century parian bust of Sir Walter Scott, by Robinson & Leadbeater, height 33 cm

Parian ware bust of Sir Robert Peel, inscribed to rear with…

Sir Robert Peel Bust on Plinth

Parian ware bust of Sir Robert Peel, inscribed to rear with dates of birth and death, sculpture J.Pitts, raised on a stepped circular timber plinth, total height 29 cm

Bavarian parian portrait roundel, of oval form, depicting a…

Mozart Bavarian Parian Portrait Roundel

Bavarian parian portrait roundel, of oval form, depicting a three quarter bust of Mozart, height 13 cm

Art Union of London parian bust, of Apollo, modelled by C.…

Delpech's Apollo Parian Bust, 1861

Art Union of London parian bust, of Apollo, modelled by C.Delpech, dated 1861, Apollo's head turned to the left with robes over left shoulder, height 37 cm

Copeland parian bust of Daniel O'Connell, naturalistically…

Copeland Parian Bust of Daniel O'Connell

Copeland parian bust of Daniel O'Connell, naturalistically modelled, raised on a socle base, 'J.E.Jones/Sculp./1846/Dan'OConnell// Reduced by B Cheverton' verso, stamped Copelands porcelain statuary to base, height 25 cm

Parian ware bust, depicting a gentleman, height 22 cm

Gentleman Bust in Parian Ware

Parian ware bust, depicting a gentleman, height 22 cm

Two 19th century parian busts - Beethoven and Haydn. Height 30…

19th Century Parian Busts of Beethoven and Haydn

Two 19th century parian busts - Beethoven and Haydn. Height 30 cm each. Provenance: Luciano Sita collection, Sydney.

Two Victorian Parian ware musical composer busts including John…

Victorian Parian Ware Composer Busts - Milton and Byron

Two Victorian Parian ware musical composer busts including John Milton and Lord Byron, height 21 cm

Robinson and Leadbeater parian bust, of W.C Lawton, c.1899,…

Victorian Shakespeare and Lawton Parian Busts

Robinson and Leadbeater parian bust, of W.C Lawton, c.1899, together with a Victorian bust of Shakespeare, height 20 cm and 23 cm (2)

Vintage Parian 'Beethoven' bust bust of the composer, on footed…

Vintage Beethoven Bust on Footed Base

Vintage Parian 'Beethoven' bust bust of the composer, on footed base, height 30 cm.

A Copeland parian ware bust 'May Queen', sculpted by J. Durham…

"May Queen" Parian Ware Bust by J. Durham

A Copeland parian ware bust 'May Queen', sculpted by J. Durham for the Crystal Palace exhibition & Art Union 1868. Height 33 cm.

Queen Victoria parian ware bust 23 cm height, together with…

Victoria Parian Bust and Royal Worcester Jubilee Plate

Queen Victoria parian ware bust 23 cm height, together with Royal Worcester Victoria Jubilee 1837-1887 blue, white plate, 27 cm diameter.

Winston Churchill commemorative parian porcelain bust by Spode,…

Winston Churchill Parian Porcelain Bust by Spode, 1965

Winston Churchill commemorative parian porcelain bust by Spode, circa 1965, stamped 'Winston Churchill, 1874-1965, Spode, England', first edition, 1965', 17 cm high

A Copeland parian ware bust of the Duke of Wellington, 19th…

Copeland Parian Ware Bust of Duke of Wellington, 19th Century

A Copeland parian ware bust of the Duke of Wellington, 19th century, circa 1850, naturalistically modelled, raised on a socle base. Impressed maker's mark and sculptor's name Comte D'Orsay SC to reverse. 18.3 cm high. Provenance: The John Scarce…

Copeland parian ware Julius Caesar bust, 34 cm high (small chip)

Copeland Parian Julius Caesar Bust (Small Chip)

Copeland parian ware Julius Caesar bust, 34 cm high (small chip)

A Parian ware bust of Lord Byron, modelled by E.W. Wyon, height…

Lord Byron Parian Ware Bust by E.W. Wyon

A Parian ware bust of Lord Byron, modelled by E.W. Wyon, height 38 cm.

A Victorian Parian bust 'Clytie', on socle base, height 28.5 cm

Victorian Parian Bust 'Clytie' on Base

A Victorian Parian bust 'Clytie', on socle base, height 28.5 cm

Antique parian Robert Burns bust on a plinth base, height 30 cm

Antique Robert Burns Parian Bust on Plinth Base

Antique parian Robert Burns bust on a plinth base, height 30 cm

Copeland Spode parian ware Ophelia bust, C:1860 on a black…

Copeland Spode Ophelia Bust on Black Base

Copeland Spode parian ware Ophelia bust, C:1860 on a black socle base,stamped crystal palace art union, W.G.Marshall R.A.sculpt, Copeland, height 28 cm

Two Parian ware Royalty busts to include King George V, and…

Pair of Parian Royalty Busts: George V and Queen Mary

Two Parian ware Royalty busts to include King George V, and Queen Mary, height 17 cm

Large antique Parian Charles Dickens bust on a socle base on a…

Antique Charles Dickens Parian Bust on Plinth

Large antique Parian Charles Dickens bust on a socle base on a plinth, height 43.5 cm

Large parian ware bust of Charles Dickens, mounted on a column…

Charles Dickens Parian Ware Bust on Column Pedestal

Large parian ware bust of Charles Dickens, mounted on a column pedestal, height 42 cm

Antique Parian Young child bust on a socle base, height 22.5 cm

Parian Child Bust on Socle Base (22.5 cm)

Antique Parian Young child bust on a socle base, height 22.5 cm

Antique Roman Apollo parian bust on a socle base, height 29 cm

Roman Apollo Parian Bust on Socle Base (29 cm)

Antique Roman Apollo parian bust on a socle base, height 29 cm

Large probably Copeland Parian 'Clytie' bust C1870, on a socle…

Copeland Parian Clytie Bust, 1870

Large probably Copeland Parian 'Clytie' bust C1870, on a socle base, height 28.5 cm

Antique Parian Beethoven bust height 23 cm

Antique Beethoven Parian Bust - 23cm Height

Antique Parian Beethoven bust height 23 cm

Two German Scheibe-Alsbach Parian Napoleon bust, one stamped to…

Pair of German Parian Napoleon Busts, Canova Inspired

Two German Scheibe-Alsbach Parian Napoleon bust, one stamped to base, and both signed dapres Canova to back, height 17.5 cm approx (tallest)

German Scheibe-Alsbach Parian Napoleon bust, stamped to base,…

German Parian Napoleon Bust, Canova's Design

German Scheibe-Alsbach Parian Napoleon bust, stamped to base, and signed dapres Canova to back, height 12.5 cm

Robinson & Leadbeater Parian Queen Victoria bust, on a socle…

Parian Queen Victoria Bust by Robinson & Leadbeater

Robinson & Leadbeater Parian Queen Victoria bust, on a socle base, stamped R&L commemorating the 60th year of her reign 1837-1897 to back, height 24.5 cm

Robinson & Leadbeater Parian 'Clytie' bust, C1870, stamped R&L…

Robinson & Leadbeater Parian 'Clytie' Bust, 1870

Robinson & Leadbeater Parian 'Clytie' bust, C1870, stamped R&L (Robinson & Leadbeater), height 21 cm

A small parian bust of Apollo, late 19th century 24 cm high

Late 19th Century Parian Apollo Bust (24cm)

A small parian bust of Apollo, late 19th century 24 cm high

Parian bust Copeland 1871, Crystal Palace Art Union, mounted on…

1871 Copeland Parian Bust on Socle Base

Parian bust Copeland 1871, Crystal Palace Art Union, mounted on Socle base, height 34 cm

Parian ware bust of Clytie, depicted with head bowed and eyes…

Parian Ware Clytie Bust

Parian ware bust of Clytie, depicted with head bowed and eyes downcast, on circular foot, height 22.5 cm

A Wedgwood parian ware bust of Robbie Burns Empressed marks…

Wedgwood Parian Ware Robbie Burns Bust

A Wedgwood parian ware bust of Robbie Burns Empressed marks 'Wedgwood', 'Burns'. Height 35 cm

Parian bust 1863 by F.M Miller, Copeland parian ware, Crystal…

F.M. Miller's Parian Bust, 1863

Parian bust 1863 by F.M Miller, Copeland parian ware, Crystal Palace, height 31 cm

Antique parian bust signed, 34 cm high

Signed Antique Parian Bust - 34 cm

Antique parian bust signed, 34 cm high

Three various Parian busts height 20 cm

Three 20cm Parian Busts

Three various Parian busts height 20 cm

A vintage parian Ware bust and a parian pedestal, a…

Parian Woman Bust and Pedestal Set

A vintage parian Ware bust and a parian pedestal, a contemplative bust of a Greco Roman woman with finely modelled hair and a draped garment, raised on a socle base; with a parian drum type pedestal draped with ribbon tied laureate garlands; both unmarked…

A Victorian Parian bust, the head of Apollo, on socle base.…

Victorian Apollo Bust on Socle Base

A Victorian Parian bust, the head of Apollo, on socle base. Provenance: The Flower Family Collection. Height 28 cm

A Victorian Parian bust, a young lady with roses in her hair…

Victorian Parian Bust with Roses and Bird

A Victorian Parian bust, a young lady with roses in her hair and a bird to her shoulder, on socle base, unmarked. Provenance: The Flower Family Collection. Height 28 cm

A Victorian Parian bust, The May Queen', on socle base, stamps…

Victorian Parian Bust: The May Queen

A Victorian Parian bust, The May Queen', on socle base, stamps to reverse, 'Ceramic & Crystal Palace Art Union', etc. Provenance: The Flower Family Collection. Height 32 cm

A Victorian Parian bust, The Hop Queen', on socle base with…

Victorian Hop Queen Bust

A Victorian Parian bust, The Hop Queen', on socle base with impressed stamps to reverse, 'Ceramic & Crystal Palace Art Union', etc. Provenance: The Flower Family Collection. Height 35 cm

A Victorian parian ware bust of Apollo Belvedere 3rd quarter…

Victorian Parian Ware Bust of Apollo Belvedere

A Victorian parian ware bust of Apollo Belvedere 3rd quarter 19th century manufactured by Copeland & Co Stoke-on-Trent signed C. Delpech and commissioned by the Art Union of London 1861, height 33 cm

Parian bust, 'Ophelia' C1860 by W.C Marshall RA Sculpt Copeland,…

"Ophelia" Parian Bust by W.C Marshall

Parian bust, 'Ophelia' C1860 by W.C Marshall RA Sculpt Copeland, height 23 cm

Antique French Parian ware bust of a young girl, signed to back…

Antique French Parian Ware Bust of Young Girl

Antique French Parian ware bust of a young girl, signed to back 'H Jacobs', 24 cm high, 23 cm wide

Alexandra Princess of Wales bust 1863 parian porcelain bust…

Alexandra Princess of Wales Parian Porcelain Bust

Alexandra Princess of Wales bust 1863 parian porcelain bust after sculpture possibly by F.M Miller made by W.T Copeland. Height 30.8 cm, width 18.8 cm, depth 11.5 cm

Copeland, parian ware bust of Clytie, c. 1863, modelled as a…

Clytie Parian Ware Bust by Copeland, 1863

Copeland, parian ware bust of Clytie, c. 1863, modelled as a classical maiden on a socle base, impressed 'C. Delpech Redt., Art Union of London, 1863', height 34 cm

Early Parian bust of a woman, bust of young woman. Restored…

Restored Parian Bust of Young Woman

Early Parian bust of a woman, bust of young woman. Restored connection to base. Height 24 cm

G Stephenson bust, 1858 parian by Wedgwood & Sons, lL.W.Wyon. F,…

G Stephenson Parian Bust by Wedgwood & Sons

G Stephenson bust, 1858 parian by Wedgwood & Sons, lL.W.Wyon. F, 39 cm high

Victorian bust, 1859 Copeland parian ware bust \

Victorian Copeland Parian Ware Bust, 1859

Victorian bust, 1859 Copeland parian ware bust \

Copeland parian bust of Princess Alexandria, c.1863,…

Copeland Parian Bust of Princess Alexandria, c.1863

Copeland parian bust of Princess Alexandria, c.1863, realistically modelled and finely detailed, impressed to back 'Published Feb 1 1863/ Copeland/ Crystal Palace Art Union/ F. M. Miller Sculpt', Height 31 cm

A miniature parian ware bust, 20th century, with Neapolitan…

Smiling Girl Miniature Parian Ware Bust

A miniature parian ware bust, 20th century, with Neapolitan Crown mark, the bust of a smiling young girl, upon a gilded porcelain base; blue stamp underside, height 7.5 cm

A pair of Wedgwood parian ware portrait busts of Robert Burns…

Wedgwood Parian Ware Busts of Burns and Scott

A pair of Wedgwood parian ware portrait busts of Robert Burns and Walter Scott, circa 1848, by Edward William Wyon, stamped Burns and Scott Wedgwood, E.W. Wyon. F, 36 cm and 37 cm high

Antique French Parian ware bust of a maiden in a bonnet, signed…

French Parian Ware Bust of Maiden in Bonnet - Signed

Antique French Parian ware bust of a maiden in a bonnet, signed to the back Lefevre and foundry mark approx 60 cm high

Parian Louis XVI of France bust figurine, height 35 cm approx

Louis XVI Parian Bust Figurine (35cm)

Parian Louis XVI of France bust figurine, height 35 cm approx

Parian ware pair of busts modelled as two classical ladies,…

Classical Ladies Busts on Pedestals

Parian ware pair of busts modelled as two classical ladies, scantily clad mounted on scrolled pedestal bases. Condition good to fair, some losses to one floral headdress & a chip to one pedestal. Height 47 cm

An Art Union of London Parian ware porcelain bust of a woman…

C. Delpch Parian Porcelain Bust by Copeland, 1837

An Art Union of London Parian ware porcelain bust of a woman signed C. Delpch, by Copeland, circa 1837, 36 cm high

Three Parian ware busts, 19th century, a pair of Copeland busts,…

19th Century Parian and Copeland Busts

Three Parian ware busts, 19th century, a pair of Copeland busts, one of the poet, John Milton, after the model by Matthew Noble, one of William Shakespeare, after Raphaelle Monti, both with Ceramic and Crystal Palace Art Union impressed marks, 36 cm high,…

A slip cast parian ware bust of Ralph Waldo Emerson, 20th…

Parian Bust of Ralph Waldo Emerson

A slip cast parian ware bust of Ralph Waldo Emerson, 20th century. the bust upon an integral square form plinth and incised 'Emerson'. Height 29.5 cm

Victorian Parian bust of a gentleman, 27 cm high approx

Victorian Gentleman Parian Bust

Victorian Parian bust of a gentleman, 27 cm high approx

Victorian Copeland parian ware bust of young woman, incised…

Victorian Parian Ware Bust of Young Woman - 1881

Victorian Copeland parian ware bust of young woman, incised 'Owen. Hale. 1881', 43 cm high.

Parian bust of Shakespeare 20 cm high approx.

Shakespeare Parian Bust - 20cm

Parian bust of Shakespeare 20 cm high approx.

A Parian bust modelled of Gladstone. 46 cm high

Gladstone Parian Bust - 46cm High Model

A Parian bust modelled of Gladstone. 46 cm high

Antique French Art Nouveau parian bust of a young maiden, signed

French Art Nouveau Parian Bust of Young Maiden (signed)

Antique French Art Nouveau parian bust of a young maiden, signed