18-Inch English Library Globe by T.M. Bardin (1836)
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An 18-Inch (46 cm) English Library Globe by T.M. Bardin, circa 1836, the cartouche inscribed 'To the Rt Honorable Sir Joseph Banks, Bart. K.B. President of the Royal Society...., The inscription continues 'This New British Terrestrial Globe [...] Is respectfully Dedicated by his most obedient h'ble servants W. & T.M. Bardin....', with further retailers cartouche for S.S. Edkins && Sons, comprised of twelve hand-coloured engraved gores and two polar calottes, supported in graduated brass meridian ring mounted in mahogany stand bearing calendrical horizon ring, working compass set in base. 41in. (104 cm.) high., Shows the tracks of Captain Cook's voyages., The Bardin family was among the greatest globe makers in London from the late eighteenth through the early nineteenth century. The patriarch of the family, William Bardin (d. 1798), began globe production in the 1780s. The origin of Bardin's globes is thought to be traceable to the early 18th century globes of John Senex. 15 years after Senex's death, the copper plates for his globe gores were sold to James Ferguson., In 1757, Ferguson transferred his globe trade, including his Senex globe gores, to the scientific instrument maker and lecturer Benjamin Martin (1704-1782). One of Bardin's earliest globes refers directly to Ferguson: 'A/New, Accurate, and/Compleat/Terrestrial Globe, /.. originally laid down/ by the late/ Mr. James Ferguson, F.R.S... Published as the Act directs.. Augt. 1st/ 1783.' William Bardin's connection with Ferguson is thought to be through Gabriel Wright (d. 1803-04), an apprentice of Benjamin Martin. Wright went to work for the Bardin family of globe makers and worked with Bardin in creating his first globe in 1782. Some of Bardin's early globes were given away to subscribers of the Georgian publication, The Geographical Magazine., In 1790, William Bardin's son, Thomas Marriott Bardin, completed a seven-year apprenticeship, and immediately joined ranks with his father, the firm thereafter trading as W. & T.M. Bardin. In 1798, the father and the son team began publication of their 'New British Globes.' The 18-inch New British Globes include dedications to the scientist Sir Joseph Banks, President of the Royal Society (terrestrial) and astronomer the Reverend Dr. Nevil Maskelyne (celestial), and were frequently marketed by the scientific instrument makers and dealers W. & S. Jones. The skill required for the production of these 12- and 18-inch globes was much admired by the Bardin's contemporaries. Following T.M. Bardin's death in 1819, his daughter, Elizabeth Marriott Bardin, continued the family's globe production until 1832, at which time the company's title was passed to her husband, Samuel Sabine Edkins.
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- Mahogany - Mahogany is a dense, close grained red-coloured timber from the West Indies and Central America. It was first imported into Europe in the the early 18th century and its use continued through the 19th century. It was popular for furniture making because of its strength, the wide boards available, the distinctive grain on some boards, termed flame mahogany and the rich warm colour of the timber when it was polished.. The "flame" was produced where a limb grew out from the trunk of the tree, and this timber was usually sliced into veneers for feature panels on doors, backs and cornices.
Some terms used to describe mahogany relate to the country from which it originally came, such as "Cuban" mahogany, "Honduras" mahogany etc. However unless the wood has been tested the names assigned are more a selling feature, rather than a true indication of the timber's origin. - Circa - A Latin term meaning 'about', often used in the antique trade to give an approximate date for the piece, usually considered to be five years on either side of the circa year. Thus, circa 1900 means the piece was made about 1900, probably between 1895 and 1905. The expression is sometimes abbreviated to c.1900.
- Cartouche - An ornamental panel in the form of of a shield, oval or rectangular scroll with curling edges. It may be carved into the back of a chair or the top of a sideboard, or present on a piece of silver or jewellery, and contain the initials of the original owner, heraldic symbols, or some other inscription, such as the details of a presentation.
In ceramics the term defines the central area of a vase or similar with a decorative border in one of the shapes above, into which a decorative scene or figures have been painted. - Georgian - As an English stylistic period, Georgian is usually taken to cover the period from George I (1714) to the Regency of Prince George (1811-20), although the period from 1800 to 1830 is sometimes designated as the Regency period. During the Georgian period the great English cabinetmakers and designers such as Chippendale, Hepplewhite, Adam Sheraton etc., were all active.
Therefore there isn't a single 'Georgian style' as such and to say something is 'Georgian', usually means it was made between 1714 and 1830. This assumes we discount George V and George VI, both being from the 20th century.
The styles popular at the time of each reign were:
George I (1714-1727) saw out the last years of the Baroque period.
George II (1727-1760) reigned during the Rococo period.
George III (1760-1820) saw the last gasp of the Rococo, all of the early Neo-Classic 'Adam style' and most of the later neo-Classic 'Regency style'.
George IV (Prince Regent 1820-1830)encompassed the last of the 'Regency' style.
William IV's reign (1830-1837) was something of a no man's land (stylistically) and he wasn't a 'George' anyway. He covered the last glimmerings of 'Regency' and the start of the 'Victorian' style.
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