A Vienna regulator timepiece, plain ebonised case, one-month duration with white glazed enamel glazed fixed vertical calendar scale, the day of the month indicated by a pointer fixed to the descending weight, two-level white glazed enamel dial with arrow indicating anti-clockwise direction of winding, white glazed enamel beat plate, deadbeat escapement with maintaining power and wooden pendulum rod. Bayonet fittings secure the movement to the pillars of a bracket plate screwed onto the case and from which the pendulum is suspended. Height 1020. c.1860.
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- Timepiece - In today's usage, the word "clock" is the name given to any instrument used for measuring time, but the word clock is derived from the Celtic word meaning "bell", and traditionally a clock without a bell or chime was known as a timepiece.
- Pendulum - The pendulum was discovered around 1602 by Galileo Galilei, and was adopted for time keeping by the Dutch mathematician and natural philosopher, Christiaan Huygens, who excelled in astronomy, physics, and horology.
The pendulum comprises a metal rod usually of brass or steel with a metal disk, known as a bob, at the end. The movement of the pendulum is driven by weights or a spring, and as a pendulum swings in a regular arc, it was found accuracy could be controlled to within a few seconds a week.
Timekeeping can be adjusted by changing the height of the bob on the rod, making the pendulum either swing slower or faster.
The disadvantage of the pendulum was that changes in temperature also changed the length of the pendulum, interfering with the accuracy of the clock, and so in the 18th century two types of mercurial pendulums were invented which countered the movement in the steel rod.
The pendulum was the world's most accurate timekeeping technology until the invention of the quartz clock, regulated by a quartz crystal, in 1927.
- Movement - The technical name for the workings of a clock or watch, and does not include the dial or case.
- Maintaining Power - A horological term to describe a subsidiary driving force such as a spring or additional weight in a clock, which keeps the movement going while the mainspring is being rewound.
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