Jacobite Engraved Wine Glass from 18th Century

• Stem - In drinking glasses the stem is that section of the glass that joins the bowl to the foot. In mass produced glasses is usually solid and of cylindrical shape, but in antique drinking glasses it may be long and short and in various styles or with decoration, such as air twist, baluster, collared, faceted, hollow, knopped, teardrop, twisted or incised.
• Air Twist - An air twist is a decorative feature found on some types of glassware, including Georgian drinking glasses. It is created by twisting the glass while it is being blown, which creates a spiral pattern of ridges or rings around the stem of the glass. The air twist is typically made by a skilled glassblower using a hot glass rod to shape the glass. It is a decorative feature that adds visual interest to the glass. Georgian glassware is known for its high quality and intricate design, and the air twist is just one of the many decorative elements that may be found on Georgian drinking glasses.
• Twist - A rod of glass in which there is one or several threads or tapes of coloured glass, or bubbles of air embedded, which is then twisted to give an attractive appearance. The technique is mostly associated with the stems of Georgian glasses. The technique was in use from about the 1740s to the 1760s.
  
  Collectors have identified over 150 variations of twist decoration. One of the most common is the air twist which as the name implies, has one or more columns of air embedded within the rod. A colour twist has one or more coloured tapes, usually opaque but sometimes translucent. other common types of twist include cable, corkscrew, enamel, gauze, lace, opaque and thread.
• Jacobite - Wine glasses engraved with mottos and symbols of the Jacobites, who were supporters of Prince Charles Edward Stuart's claim to the English throne.
  
  They were passed around amongst the members of secret groups devoted to the restoration of a Catholic monarch in Scotland and England under the House of Stuart.
  
  The last Jacobite Rebellion ended with Charles Edward Stuart?s defeat at the Battle of Culloden in 1746. His image features on some of the Jacobite glassware.
  
  Genuine examples of Jacobite glassware are dated between 1746 and 1788 but many later copies and forgeries are in circulation.
  
  In November 2012 a Jacobite "Amen" glass, the rarest group of Jacobite glasses sold for £43,000 at auction in Shropshire, England.
• Folded Foot - A drinking glass with a rounded edge to the foot, where the foot is effectively double-layered by turning it, usually under but sometimes over and then flattened , against the disk of the foot, to provide extra stability and reduce the risk of chipping or breakage.
  
  The technique originated in Venice during the Renaissance and was adopted by English glassmakers who continued to fold the feet of drinking glasses and bowls until c1750.
• Engraved Glass - The method of decorating glass by marking the surface with a sharp intrument such as a diamond, metal needle or rotating cutting wheel. As pressure is applied to the surface, best results for engraving are achieved if the glass is of sufficient thickness. In the 19th century etching was used to decorate some table glassware that was too fine to take an engraving tool.
• Drawn Stem - A drawn stem on a wine glass refers to a stem that has been made by blowing a gather of glass onto the end of a blowpipe, and then shaping it while it is still hot and pliable. This method of making wine glass stems is also known as "free-blown" or "hand-drawn" stemware. It contrasts with "molded" stemware, which is made by blowing a glass into a mold.

This item has been included into following indexes:

• glass, types or items
  • Georgian glasses, engraved or etched decoration 88
  • Georgian twist stem glasses 220
• Jacobite wine glasses - Georgian glass 16