A striated pale grey jade carving of a recumbent ram, Song Dynasty 6 cm long, 79g. Provenance: Douglas J. K. Wright, Oxon UK, 11 February 2003 (receipt, bought for £4,600). Private collection, United Kingdom thence by descent. Private collection, Sydney. The ram is kneeling, with four legs folded under the body. The overall carving is simple, however with details dealt with extreme care and realism. Its face is carved in planes, An important feature of animals dated from the period. The eyes are incised, with the irises dotted in low relief, a rare feature of such carvings. The nose, ears, cheeks and mouth are worked with lines, reliefs or planes with subtle details, revealing themselves ever more lovely with the changing reflection of the light. The two horns are decorated with ribbed patterns, the beard lightly curled up and lined to show strands of hair. The tail is small, with a dimple-like hollow on each side to accentuate the tail bone. The hooves underneath the body are carved differently between the front and hind legs, with hind legs showing soles due to the way they fold when the animal reclines. The side of the top of each hoofs are further incised to show the covering fur. For examples of rams from the same period with similar designs and carvings, see Chinese Jade Animals, Hong Kong Museum of Art, 1997, Hong Kong, pl. 91, 93, and 94, p. 116 to 199, and Roger Keverne eds., Jade, Anness Publishing Ltd, 2010, London, pl. 23, p 121 to 122. In the Keverne example, the planes of the ram's face are visible, as well as other details similar to the current lot.
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- Important - Important is a word used in the antique trade to indicate an object should be ranked above other similar objects, and is therefore more valuable.
The object could be considered important because it is by a famous designer or maker, has been shown at a major exhibition, is of exquisite workmanship, is rare or is a "one-off", was made for an important patron, and so on.
Even further up the pecking order are objects that are described in catalogue descriptions as highly important or extraordinarily important.
- Song Dynasty - The Song Dynasty was a ruling dynasty in China from 960 to 1279 AD. It was divided into two periods, the Northern Song (960?1127) and the Southern Song (1127?1279). The emperor was the ultimate authority, but he relied on officials who were selected based on their merit and skills rather than their family background or social status. The Song Dynasty was a period of great artistic and cultural achievements, particularly in the areas of poetry, painting, and calligraphy. The Chinese invented the printing press during this period, which revolutionized the spread of knowledge and ideas. During the Song Dynasty, China had a prosperous economy and was a centre of international trade, particularly in luxury goods such as silk, tea, and porcelain. The use of paper money became more widespread during this period, facilitating commerce and trade.
- Incised - A record of a name, date or inscription, or a decoration scratched into a surface, usually of a glass or ceramic item with a blunt instrument to make a coarse indentation. Compare with engraving where the surface is cut with a sharp instrument such as a metal needle or rotating tool to achieve a fine indentation.
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