A pair of Royal Doulton bone china coffee cups and saucers, gilt edging, decorated with an overall design of flowering wattle, each piece signed T. Parton, green printed factory marks to base, rd no. 708898, RA 94 and H2375 in script.
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- Bone China - Bone china, Also called 'English china", is one of the three types of porcelain, the other two being soft paste porcelain and hard paste porcelain.
Porcelain is an ancient ceramic material, first made in China, hence the common name "china", and the introduction of bone china was to counter the imports of Chinese porcelain.
The initial development of bone china is credited to Josiah Spode, who introduced it around 1800 and it was soon after copied by other manufacturers including Minton, Coalport, Davenport, Derby, Worcester, Wedgwood and Rockingham and the Herculaneum factory at Liverpool.
Spode's bone china was made by mixing ash from cattle bones with feldspar and kaolin, which created a material that was stronger, more translucent, and whiter than traditional porcelain. He began to produce this new type of porcelain in 1796 and it quickly became very popular.
At the time, the process and ingredients were kept secret and were only known to a few manufacturers and were protected by patents.
In the 19th century, bone china became increasingly popular and was widely produced by many manufacturers in England. During this time, it was considered a luxury item and was often used to create fine dining sets and other decorative items.
Bone china is still used in the production of fine porcelain wares, such as tea sets, figurines, and other decorative pieces. His basic formula of six parts bone ash, four parts china stone, and three and a half parts china clay remains the standard English body. It is still considered a luxury item due to its strength, translucency, and whiteness, and is often used for high-end and high-quality porcelain. China.
- Registered Numbers - Between 1842 and 1883, a diamond- shaped mark was used to identify items as British-made, which classified the item according to the material from which it was manufactured, as well as the date of registration. This system was discontinued in 1884 when a numbering system was introduced.
Design registration is for "what and item looks like", and is not a patent ("how something works") or trade mark ("what it is called").
The registered number is usually on an under-surface of an object (on the base of ceramics) and oftern shown as "Rd. No. 99999", sometimes surrounded by a rectangular box.
The table below lists the year, and the first registered number for that year:
1884 1
1885 18,993
1886 39,547
1887 61,207
1888 87,266
1889 111,664
1890 140,481
1891 160,613
1892 183,259
1893 203,348
1894 223,861
1895 244,726
1896 266,237
1897 288,848
1898 309,956
1899 328,527
1900 349,120
1901 367,628
1902 380,979
1903 401,944
1904 422,489
1905 428,004
1906 469,160
1907 486,464
1908 516,375
1909 533,561
1910 546,084
1911 561,570
1912 585,707
1913 608,541
1914 627,887
1915 642,613
1916 651,079
1917 655,001
1918 662,576
1919 665,728
1920 664,869
1921 676,491
1922 685,412
1923 691,571
1924 695,944
1925 705,943
1926 716,386
1927 723,430
1928 725,899
1929 740,459
1930 741,336
1931 757,945
1932 767,110
This item has been included into following indexes: