19th Century French Bronze and Marble Clock with Classical Figures
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Mid 19th century French bronze and marble clock, marked to ___D7A14603-Af6C-5391-653FEB7FDF5A5B1A___ 'Vincent & Cie, Medalle D'Argent', the case of architectural pediment form with gilt cast circular dial containing Roman numeral hour markers in black and white enamel hearts, within a c-scroll and foliate themed bezel, flanked by inset panels containing symbols for the arts and sciences, surmounted by two impressive reclining classical ladies with wreathed heads and robes, one with scroll inscribed 'Thucydides', the Athenian historian and general, the whole raised on an elaborate pierced c-scroll and foliate base, a/f (movement untested, breaks to marble case, with key and pendulum (in office), 35 cm x 63 cm x 18 cm
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- A/f, as Inspected - The letters "A/F" or "as inspected" as part of a description is the cataloguer's shorthand for "all faults" or "as found", meaning the item has some type of damage or deficiency, it is of uncertain date or provenance, and/or that the seller takes no responsibility for the completeness of the item or the accuracy of the description.
- Foliate - Decorated with leaves or leaf-like forms.
- Bezel - On a clock or watch, the bezel is the metal frame into which the watch or clock glass is fitted. In clocks, the bezel may include a hinge and a flange, in effect a door to the face of the clock. In jewellery the bezel is a band of metal with a projecting lip that holds the gemstone in its setting.
- Movement - The technical name for the workings of a clock or watch, and does not include the dial or case.
- Bronze - An alloy of copper and tin, traditionally in the proportions of about 9 parts of copper to 1 part of tin.
The discovery of bronze in Western Asia in the 4th century enabled people to create metal objects which were superior to those previoulsy possible because of its strength and hardness, and it has been used throughout the world for weapons, coins, tools, statuary and other decorative items.
It is very fluid in a molten state, and its hardness, strength when set, and non-corrosive properties makes it most suitable for casting sculpture. - Pendulum - The pendulum was discovered around 1602 by Galileo Galilei, and was adopted for time keeping by the Dutch mathematician and natural philosopher, Christiaan Huygens, who excelled in astronomy, physics, and horology.
The pendulum comprises a metal rod usually of brass or steel with a metal disk, known as a bob, at the end. The movement of the pendulum is driven by weights or a spring, and as a pendulum swings in a regular arc, it was found accuracy could be controlled to within a few seconds a week.
Timekeeping can be adjusted by changing the height of the bob on the rod, making the pendulum either swing slower or faster.
The disadvantage of the pendulum was that changes in temperature also changed the length of the pendulum, interfering with the accuracy of the clock, and so in the 18th century two types of mercurial pendulums were invented which countered the movement in the steel rod.
The pendulum was the world's most accurate timekeeping technology until the invention of the quartz clock, regulated by a quartz crystal, in 1927.
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