Zhang Yanchang, two Chinese album leaves, Qing Dynasty, Qianlong period (1736-1795), Zhang Yanchang (1738?1814), also known by the name Qitang, Wenyu and Jin Su Shanren, was a Chinese seal artist and calligrapher. He hailed from Haiyan, Zhejiang Province, China. Zhang Yanchang achieved Yougong status in the forty-second year of the Qianlong reign (1777). He studied under ding Jing, the founder of the Zhe school. His studio was known as 'Shigu Pavilion,' where he excelled in various calligraphic styles, he was also proficient in painting, depicting landscapes, figures, flowers, and other subjects. Landscape: a poetic inscription in the upper right corner accompanies the painting. Signed Zhang Yanchang (circa 1738-1814 ), followed by two seal marks of the artist. Mountain and rock scene: a poetic inscription in the upper left corner describes the scene, followed by a seal mark 'Qi Tang'. Provenance: The Walter Hochstadter Collection
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- Circa - A Latin term meaning 'about', often used in the antique trade to give an approximate date for the piece, usually considered to be five years on either side of the circa year. Thus, circa 1900 means the piece was made about 1900, probably between 1895 and 1905. The expression is sometimes abbreviated to c.1900.
- Qing Dynasty - The Qing Dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912. It was established by the Manchu people, who originated from the northeastern region of China. The Qing Dynasty was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China.
- Chinese Ding Porcelain - Ding ware is a type of Chinese porcelain that was produced in the northern city of Ding in the Hebei province during the Song Dynasty (960-1279). It is considered to be one of the "Five Great Kilns" of Chinese ceramics, along with Jian, Jun, Guan, and Ru wares.
Ding ware is known for its fine white porcelain body, which was made from kaolin clay, and its elegant shapes and designs. The glaze on Ding ware is usually transparent and has a bluish-white or grayish-white color. It was often decorated with underglaze blue or iron-brown designs.
Ding ware was highly prized during the Song Dynasty, and it was exported throughout Asia and as far as the Middle East and the Mediterranean. It was also an inspiration for other porcelain-making centers in China and Japan. The production of Ding ware declined after the Song Dynasty, and it is now considered to be a rare and valuable collectible.
- Ming Dynasty - The Ming Dynasty was a ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644. It succeeded the Yuan Dynasty and preceded the Qing Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty was established by Zhu Yuanzhang, a former Buddhist monk who became a rebel leader and eventually overthrew the Mongol Yuan Dynasty. During the Ming Dynasty, China experienced a period of relative stability and prosperity. The government was centralized and bureaucratic, with the emperor at the top of the hierarchy. The Ming Dynasty is known for its cultural achievements, including the development of porcelain, the invention of movable type printing, and the construction of the Great Wall of China.
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