Australian Citrine and Gold Brooch by W.J. Turner, 1865

An Australian yellow citrine and gold brooch and pendant, by W.…
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An Australian yellow citrine and gold brooch and pendant, by W.J. Turner, Camp Street, Beechworth, circa 1865 set with an oval citrine surrounded by gold bunches of grapes and scrolling grape vines and a swallow, with a similarly set pendant drop set with a pear shape citrine, the reverse twice marked 'Turner', 18 carat gold(2). Reference: W.J. Turner exhibited in the 1861 Melbourne Exhibition and is recorded in the 1865 Exhibition of Gems and Works in the Jewellers Art held in the Hall of the Royal Society of Victoria as 'Among the exhibits of Mr Turner, of Beechworth were a number of (quartz) of exceeding beauty and size, exquisitely cut, and tastefully set as brooches'

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  • Carat - A carat (abbreviated "ct") is a unit of measurement used to describe the weight of a diamond or other gemstone, and separately is a unit of measurement used to describe the weight of precious metals such as gold,.

    For gemstones, one carat is equal to 0.2 grams or 200 milligrams. The weight of a diamond is one of the Four Cs (along with cut, colour, and clarity) that are used to determine a diamond's value.

    It is important to note that a diamond's weight does not necessarily correspond to its size. A diamond's cut, which affects how well it reflects light, can make a diamond of a lower weight appear larger than a diamond of a higher weight. Additionally, the carat is not the only factor to determine the value of a diamond, other factors such as clarity, colour and cut are important too.

    In the gold industry, the purity of gold is measured in carats (abbreviated "ct"), with 24 karats being pure gold and lower carat numbers indicating a lower purity level. So, for example, 18 carat gold is 18/24 or 75% pure gold, and 12 carat gold is 12/24 or 50% pure gold.
  • Circa - A Latin term meaning 'about', often used in the antique trade to give an approximate date for the piece, usually considered to be five years on either side of the circa year. Thus, circa 1900 means the piece was made about 1900, probably between 1895 and 1905. The expression is sometimes abbreviated to c.1900.

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