Learn about antiques and collectables...
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Learn about and understand the items, manufacturers, designers and periods as well as the specialist terms used in describing antiques and collectables. Either click one of the letters below to list the items beginning with that letter, or click on a category on the left side of the screen to list the items under that category.
O. C. Stephens
Oak
Native to Europe and England, oak has been used for joinery, furniture and building since the beginning of the medieval civilisation. It is a pale yellow in colour when freshly cut and darkens with age to a mid brown colour.
Oak as a furniture timber was superceded by walnut in the 17th century, and in the 18th century by mahogany,
Semi-fossilised bog oak is black in colour, and is found in peat bogs where the trees have fallen and been preserved from decay by the bog. It is used for jewellery and small carved trinkets.
Pollard oak is taken from an oak that has been regularly pollarded, that is the upper branches have been removed at the top of the trunk, result that new branches would appear, and over time the top would become ball-like. . When harvested and sawn, the timber displays a continuous surface of knotty circles. The timber was scarce and expensive and was used in more expensive pieces of furniture in the Regency and Victorian periods.
Obelisks
Obelisks were first erected in ancient Egypt circa 2100 BC and were the sacred symbol of the sun god of Heliopolis. The shape, a tall four-sided narrowing square section, each side incised with heiroglyphics, and topped with a pyriamid were representitive of a shaft of sunlight. They usually stood in pairs at the entrance to temples.
In the 18th century, oblisks on pedestals appeared as a garden ornament and by the end of the 18th century were also become popular as funerary ornaments in tombs or memorials.
During the Victorian period a pair of miniature obelisks became a favourite souvenir of the Grand Tour. Common sizes varied between 35 cm and 80 cm and they were usually made in various coloured marbles, and more uncommonly in rock crystal, malachite, slate and onyx.
If the description of an obelisk does not include a date, it is likely the item is modern.
Obsidian
Obsidian is an igneous rock, of volcanic origins, created when molten rock cools rapidly forming into a glass-like material. It has been used for thousands of years to make cutting tools.
Obverse
Obverse means the front face of a coin or medal, and the reverse means the back face. The obverse of a coin is commonly called heads, because it often depicts the head of a monarch or famous person.
Occasional Table
A small portable table, usually with a fixed top, able to be moved easily for the convenience of visitors. The term covers numerous designs, and the top may be rectangular, oval or round, standing on tripod, pedestal or framed legs.
Octagonal Leg
Octagonal leg, also known as a faceted leg, is usually found on chairs and table pedestals made during the first thirty or forty years of the 19th century, though the design appears in some pattern books dating from the late 18th century. They are not uncommon on Australian colonial furniture of the period. The leg is turned, with the main body of the leg planed into a slightly tapering octagon between the upper and lower turnings. The leg was sometimes fluted or carved with foliage, although in colonial furniture it was more often plain. Octagonal legs are often found on elbow or carver chairs of the period, with scrolled arms sometimes known as Trafalgar chairs.
Octant
An octant is a historical instrument used in navigation to determine the angle between a celestial body (such as the Sun, Moon, or stars) and the horizon. It was widely used by sailors and navigators in the 18th and 19th centuries for celestial navigation, which involves using the positions of celestial bodies to determine the ship's position and course.
The octant is a predecessor to the sextant, which is a similar instrument but with greater precision. The octant gets its name from the fact that the instrument's arc covers one-eighth of a circle (45 degrees). It consists of a graduated scale, called the arc, and a movable arm called the index arm or horizon bar, which carries a small mirror or prism called the index mirror. By adjusting the position of the index mirror, the navigator can align the image of a celestial body with the visible horizon and measure the angle between them.
The octant allowed navigators to determine their latitude and longitude at sea, which was essential for safe and accurate navigation. While the octant is no longer in common use, it remains an important historical artifact.
Odiot
Odiot was a company that was based in Paris, and specialised in the manufacture of high-quality silverware. The company was founded in the 18th century by Jean-Baptiste-Claude Odiot and became one of the best known and most respected silversmiths in France. Odiot was known for producing a wide range of silver products, including cutlery, candlesticks, tea sets, and other decorative items. The company was also involved in the production of silver jewellery and other decorative items. Odiot's products were highly sought after due to their excellent craftsmanship and attention to detail. The company continued to operate until the 20th century and its legacy as a leading silversmith in France endures to this day.
Oenochoe / Oinochoe
An oenochoe, also spelt oinochoe is an Ancient Greek wine jug or a modern jug usually silver, made in the same form, with a single curved handle and is usually taller than it is wide.
Office Chair
A term that came into use in the early 1900s to describe a chair usually with a curved back supported by spindles, and with a revolving caned, leather or solid wooden seat, that had a screw adjustable height. Some also incorporated a tilt mechanism, but the height and tilt adjustment mechanisms were primitive by today's standard.
Ogee
A serpentine shape, usually convex at the upper part, concave at the lower. Mostly used to describe the front shapes of parts of carcass furniture, such as cornices, drawer fronts and feet.
Oiva Toikka
Oiva Toikka (1931-2019) was a Finnish glass artist and designer. He is best known for his whimsical and colorful glass birds, which have been produced by the Finnish company Iittala since the 1970s. He was born in Viipuri, Finland (now part of Russia). He studied ceramics at the University of Art and Design Helsinki, but later switched to glass. He worked at the Nuutajärvi glassworks in Urjala from 1953 to 1972, and then at Iittala from 1972 until his death in 2019.
His glass birds are known for their intricate designs and use of vibrant colours. He often used traditional Finnish folk art motifs in his work, such as flowers, birds, and animals. Toikka's birds are also known for their playful and whimsical qualities. Toikka created over 400 different glass birds during his career. His most famous designs include the Tuulilintu (Wind Bird), the Kaksi Kotkaa (Two Eagles), and the Sinilintu (Bluebird). Toikka's birds are highly sought-after by collectors and enthusiasts of mid-century modern design.
In addition to his glass birds, Toikka also designed a number of other glassware products, including tableware, vases, and sculptures. He also designed a number of glass installations for public spaces.
Toikka was a highly respected artist and designer. He received numerous awards for his work, including the Kaj Franck Design Prize (1985) and the Pro Finlandia Medal (1992).
Toikka's work is known for its beauty, whimsy, and originality. His glass birds are iconic symbols of Finnish design and culture.
Ojime
An ojime is a small decorative bead that is used as a sliding bead or toggle on the cord of a traditional Japanese netsuke. The netsuke is a small sculptural object that was used to fasten a container, such as a box or pouch, to the obi (sash) worn with a traditional Japanese kimono.
The ojime was used to adjust the length of the cord or to secure the container in place. Ojime beads were typically made from a variety of materials such as wood, ivory, bone, and stone. They were often elaborately carved with intricate designs or decorated with colourful lacquer, enamel, or inlay work.
Okamoto Ryozan
Okamoto Ryozan was a Japanese potter who was born in Kyoto, Japan in 1891. He is best known for his innovative use of traditional Japanese pottery techniques to create modern and stylish pieces. He began his pottery career as an apprentice to his father, Okamoto Shinzan, who was a renowned potter in his own right. Ryozan quickly mastered the traditional pottery techniques of his father, but he was also eager to experiment with new ideas. He was one of the first Japanese potters to use electric kilns and to experiment with new glazes and firing techniques.
His pottery is known for its simple, elegant forms and its use of natural colours and materials. He often used Japanese motifs, such as cherry blossoms and bamboo, in his designs. His pottery was also characterized by its high quality and craftsmanship. Ryozan's pottery was exhibited in Japan and around the world, and he won numerous awards for his work. He was also a highly respected teacher and mentor, and he trained many of the leading Japanese potters of the 20th century.
Ryozan died in 1975 at the age of 84. He is considered to be one of the most important and influential Japanese potters of the 20th century.
Okimono
An okimono is a small decorative Japanese sculpture that was popular during the Meiji period (1868-1912) and continues to be created by artisans today. Okimono translates to "object for display" and is typically made from materials such as ivory, wood, bronze, and ceramics.
The tradition of Japanese sculpture dates back thousands of years, but the okimono as a distinct form emerged during the Meiji period, which saw a period of rapid modernization and increased contact with the West. Okimonos were created as decorative objects to be displayed in the home, often depicting animals, mythological creatures, or scenes from daily life.
Okimonos were made by skilled craftsmen and were highly prized for their intricate detail and craftsmanship. They were often signed by the artist, and many were created for export to Western markets, where they were in high demand among collectors.
During the Meiji period, Japan experienced a surge of interest in traditional Japanese art and culture, and okimonos were a popular way for artisans to showcase their skills and create objects that were uniquely Japanese. Okimonos continue to be created by Japanese artisans, and the tradition has expanded to include new materials and techniques while still honouring the craftsmanship and attention to detail that has defined the art form for centuries.
Okra Glass
Okra Glass was founded in 1979 by Richard Golding, a master glassmaker and Nicola Osbourne. The company was based in England and specialized in iridescent glass. Okra Glass quickly became known for its high quality and innovative designs.
Golding was inspired by the work of Tiffany Glass, but he developed his own unique style. He used a variety of techniques to create his iridescent glass, including lusters, trails, and enamels. His work was often characterized by its bold colors and intricate patterns.
Okra Glass produced a wide range of products, including vases, bowls, plates, and perfume bottles. The company's work was sold in galleries and boutiques around the world. Okra Glass was also a popular choice for corporate gifts and awards. In the early 1980s, Okra Glass began to produce a range of glassware for the home. This included glasses, tumblers, and decanters. The company's homeware range was also characterized by its high quality and innovative designs.
Okra Glass continued to produce glassware throughout the 20th century. The company was particularly successful in the 1980s and 1990s, when its work was highly sought-after by collectors. In the late 1990s, Okra Glass was sold to Moorcroft. However the company was purchased back by its founders Richard Golding and Nicola Osbourne in 2001 and then the company was again sold in 2010. The company is now owned and operated by a new team of glassmakers and continues to produce high quality iridescent glassware, inspired by the work of Richard Golding.
Ola Cohn
Ola Cohn was a sculptor who worked in a variety of mediums, including stone, wood, terracotta, and bronze. She is best known for her work in a modernist style, and for her Fairies' Tree in the Fitzroy Gardens in Melbourne, Australia.
Cohn was born Carola Cohn in Bendigo, Victoria, Australia, in 1892. She studied art at the Bendigo School of Mines and the Swinburne Technical College in Melbourne. In 1926, she travelled to London to study at the Royal College of Art, where she was influenced by the work of sculptor Henry Moore.
She returned to Australia in 1930 and set up a studio in Melbourne. She quickly became a leading figure in the Australian art scene, and her work was exhibited in galleries and museums throughout the country. She was also a member of several art societies, including the Melbourne Society of Women Painters and Sculptors, the Australian Sculptors Society, and the Victorian Artists' Society.
In addition to her work as a sculptor, Cohn was also an author and philanthropist. She wrote several books on art, including "Sculpture for the Amateur" (1945) and "Australian Sculpture Today" (1964). She also donated works of art to several public galleries and museums in Australia.
Cohn died in Melbourne in 1964, aged 72.
Old English Pattern
The Old English pattern as is commonly seen on silver flatware is characterized by a simple, clean shape with a slightly upturned tip and a broad handle that tapers gently towards the bowl or blade. The handle may be plain or decorated with a subtle design, such as a line or ridge along the edge or a small decorative motif at the tip. This pattern was first introduced in the 18th century and has remained popular ever since, making it a popular choice for traditional and formal table settings.
Ole Lynggaard
Ole Lynggaard (1936-2018) was a Danish jewellery designer and the founder of the fine jewellery brand Ole Lynggaard Copenhagen. He was born in Copenhagen, Denmark, and grew up in a family of jewellers. His parents owned two fine jewellery stores, and Lynggaard was exposed to the world of jewellery from a young age, beginning his apprenticeship as a goldsmith at the age of 15. After completing his apprenticeship, he travelled the world to learn about different jewellery-making techniques and to study the jewellery designs of different cultures. In 1963, he returned to Denmark and founded his own jewellery brand, Ole Lynggaard Copenhagen.
Lynggaard's jewellery designs are known for their organic forms and their use of natural materials, such as gold, silver, diamonds, and gemstones. He was particularly inspired by nature, and many of his designs feature motifs such as flowers, animals, and leaves. One of Lynggaard's most iconic designs is the Snakes Collection, which he launched in 1973. The collection features serpents in a variety of forms, from delicate rings and bracelets to bold necklaces and earrings. The Snakes Collection has become one of the most popular and enduring fine jewellery collections in the world. Lynggaard's jewellery has been worn by celebrities such as Queen Margrethe II of Denmark, Nicole Kidman, and Beyoncé. His designs have also been featured in major films and television shows, such as "Titanic" and "Sex and the City."
Lynggaard was a recipient of numerous awards for his work, including the Eckersberg Medal (1999) and the C.F. Hansen Medal (2018). He was also named a Royal Designer for Industry by the Royal Society of Arts in 2004. Lynggaard died in 2018 at the age of 81. His legacy is carried on by his daughter, Charlotte Lynggaard, who was the Creative Director of the company..
Ole Wanscher
Ole Wanscher was born on September 16, 1903, in Frederiksberg, Denmark. He was the son of an art historian and a painter. Wanscher studied architecture at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts from 1924 to 1927. He then worked as an apprentice to Kaare Klint, a leading figure in Danish furniture design.
In 1928, Wanscher set up his own furniture design studio in Copenhagen. He quickly became known for his elegant and functional designs, which were often inspired by classical furniture and Danish folk art. Wanscher's furniture was made from high-quality materials, such as teak and mahogany, and it was built to last. He also paid attention to the details of construction, and his furniture is known for its fine craftsmanship.
Wanscher designed a wide range of furniture, including chairs, tables, sofas, and beds. He also designed a number of accessories, such as lamps and mirrors. His work is characterized by its clean lines, simple forms, and use of natural materials. Wanscher's furniture is often described as "timeless" because it is still popular today.
Wanscher was a prolific designer, and he produced over 1,000 furniture designs during his career. He also wrote several books on furniture design, including "Furniture Types" (1932), "Outline History of Furniture" (1941), and "English Furniture c1680-1800" (1944).
Wanscher was a member of the Danish Society of Crafts and Design, and he served as its president from 1955 to 1957. He was also a member of the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, and he taught furniture design there from 1953 to 1973.
Wanscher died on December 27, 1985, in Copenhagen. He is considered one of the most important figures in Danish furniture design, and his work is still highly sought-after today.
Wanscher's furniture is represented in the collections of museums around the world, including the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, and the Danish Design Centre in Copenhagen.
Oleograph
An oleograph is a type of print that was popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is a high-quality reproduction of an original painting or artwork, made using a process called chromolithography. In this process, the original painting is first transferred onto a series of lithographic stones or plates, one for each colour used in the original artwork.
Each stone or plate is then inked with a different colour, and the paper is run through the press once for each colour, creating a full-colour reproduction of the original artwork. The resulting print has a vibrant, almost three-dimensional quality, and can be mistaken for an original painting.
Oleographs were especially popular in the late 1800s, as they offered an affordable way for people to enjoy reproductions of famous paintings and artwork in their own homes. They were often framed and hung on walls, and could be found in homes, hotels, and other public spaces. While oleographs are no longer as common today, they remain a fascinating example of early printing technology and the art of reproduction.
Olive Jones
Olive Emily Jones was born in Onehunga, Auckland, in 1893. After
schooling she attended Elam School of Art and in 1932 travelled to England,
following her sister Gwenda.
Jones enrolled at the London County Council’s Central School
of Arts and Crafts and took evening classes at the Camberwell school under Dora
Billington and at the Wedgwood
Institute, Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent, In 1934 she returned to Auckland, and was accepted as a member of the Auckland
Society of Arts and held a small solo show of pieces brought from England.
She set up a workshop and began selling work to shops and
from her studio and later tutored evening classes at the Society of Arts,
In 1939–40 Jones demonstrated and sold work at the New
Zealand Centennial Exhibition in Wellington. She continued her work and in
November 1957, when Oswold Stephens organised the first exhibition of New
Zealand studio potters at the Otago Museum, she exhibited both earthenware and
stoneware.
Her pottery was always largely functional: bowls, vases often
with Maori rock-drawing decoration or moulded kowhai flower relief), generous
mugs and jugs, and bookends based on a stylised Maori canoe prow.
In 1962, Olive Jones and others started the first New
Zealand pottery co-operative, the 12 Potters Shop, in Mount Albert Road
Auckland and she continued supplying the for the next 20 years. As part of their 1979
annual exhibition, the Auckland Studio Potters honoured her with a
retrospective exhibition.
Olive Jones never married, and lived with her sister in the
family’s Onehunga home until her death on 26 December 1982 in Epsom. At her
funeral service the coffin was surrounded by her pots, brought by friends; she
was cremated at Purewa cemetery.
Olive Wood
Olive wood is the wood from the olive tree (Olea europaea). Olive trees are native to the Mediterranean region and have been cultivated for thousands of years for their fruit, oil, and wood. Olive wood is a hardwood with a tight and dense grain, known for its distinctive pattern of light and dark brown streaks, which can create a beautiful and unique look in finished products. It is a popular choice for carving, turning, and furniture making, as well as for decorative and functional items such as kitchen utensils, cutting boards, and religious objects.
Olivewood
Olivewood is a hard, close-grained wood from southern Europe and has a green-to-yellow colour with interesting black-grey marking. It was used in the mid-17th century for marquetry inlay, because its colour provided contrasting decoration to walnut, which is a darkish brown with black veining. Olivewood was also frequently seen as cross-graining on chests of drawers from the mid-17th century onwards.
Olympic Games
The Olympic Games are a global sporting event that brings together athletes from around the world to compete in a variety of sports. The first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens, Greece in 1896, but the origins of the Games date back to ancient Greece.
The ancient Olympic Games were held in Olympia, Greece from 776 BC to 393 AD. The Games were held every four years and were a celebration of athletic prowess and religious devotion. The ancient Olympic Games included a variety of sports, including running, jumping, discus throwing, and wrestling.
The modern Olympic Games were founded by Pierre de Coubertin, a French educator, who was inspired by the idea of promoting international understanding through sport. The first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens, Greece in 1896 and included nine sports, including athletics, cycling, and swimming.
The Olympic Games have since grown in size and popularity, with thousands of athletes from around the world competing in a variety of sports, including both traditional sports such as track and field and newer sports such as skateboarding and surfing. The Games are held every four years, with both winter and summer editions.
As such, there is much memorabilia generated by each edition of the Olympic Games that appeals to collectors, that can include avariety of items, such as:
• Pins: Commemorative pins featuring the logo or mascot of the Games are a popular type of Olympic Games memorabilia. These pins are often traded among fans and collectors.
• Medals: Olympic medals are one of the most exclusive types of memorabilia, as they are only awarded to athletes and officials. However, some Olympic medals have been sold at auction or by athletes themselves, making them highly sought after by collectors.
• Posters: Official Olympic Games posters are often designed by notable artists and can be highly collectible. These posters often feature the logo or mascot of the Games and can be a great way to commemorate a specific event.
• Clothing and apparel: Many fans and collectors enjoy collecting clothing and apparel associated with the Olympic Games. This can include t-shirts, hats, jackets, and other items featuring the Games' logo or design.
• Programs and tickets: Collecting official programs and tickets from the Olympic Games can be a great way to remember a specific event. These items can be especially valuable if they are from a historic Games or a particularly exciting event.
• Autographs: Collecting autographs from Olympic athletes and officials can be a fun way to build a collection. Autographs can be found on a variety of items, including photographs, posters, and trading cards.
• Memorabilia from specific athletes: Some collectors focus on collecting memorabilia associated with specific Olympic athletes. This can include items such as uniforms and other clothing, equipment, and other personal items.
Omar Ramsden
Omar Ramsden (1873-1939) was an English silversmith who is considered one of the leading designers of Art Deco silverware. He was born in Sheffield, England, and studied silversmithing at the Sheffield School of Art and the Royal College of Art in London.
Ramsden's work is characterized by its simple, geometric forms and its use of geometric patterns. He was also known for his use of innovative techniques, such as the use of electroplating to create a variety of finishes.
Ramsden's work was exhibited widely during his lifetime, and he won numerous awards, including the Royal Society of Arts' Albert Medal in 1926. He is represented in the collections of many major museums, including the Victoria and Albert Museum in London and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.
Some of Ramsden's most famous works include the "Chrysanthemum Vase" (1910), the "Tulip Vase" (1911), and the "Dodecagon Ewer" (1925). He also designed a number of pieces of ecclesiastical silver, including the chalice and paten for the Church of St. Martin-in-the-Fields in London. He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1935.
Omar Ramsden died in London in 1939 and his pieces are considered to be some of the finest examples of Art Deco silverware.
Omega Watches
Omega is a Swiss luxury watchmaker founded in 1848 by Louis Brandt. Originally named La Generale Watch Co., the company produced pocket watches that were highly regarded for their precision and reliability. In 1894, the company introduced the Omega Calibre, the first mass-produced, industrialized movement, which enabled watches to be produced on a larger scale and at a more affordable price.
In 1900, Omega was one of the first companies to be awarded the Grand Prix at the Universal Exhibition in Paris, which was a significant recognition of the brand's precision and innovation. In the years that followed, Omega continued to innovate, producing a range of wristwatches and pocket watches that were popular with both military personnel and civilians.
During World War I, Omega supplied watches to the British Royal Flying Corps and the American Army, cementing its reputation as a reliable timepiece. In 1932, Omega became the official timekeeper of the Olympic Games, a role it has continued to hold for many years.
Some of the significant models in the history of Omega watches include:
• The Omega Calibre: In 1894, Omega introduced the first mass-produced, industrialized movement, the Omega Calibre. This was a significant milestone in the history of watchmaking, as it enabled watches to be produced on a larger scale and at a more affordable price.
• The Omega Speedmaster: Introduced in 1957, the Omega Speedmaster became one of the most iconic models in the brand's history. It was originally designed as a racing chronograph but later gained fame as the watch worn by NASA astronauts on the Apollo missions. In 1969, the Speedmaster became the first watch to be worn on the moon.
• The Omega Seamaster: First introduced in 1948, the Omega Seamaster is the brand's oldest model still in production. It was originally designed as a waterproof watch for divers, and it has since become a favorite among collectors and enthusiasts. The Seamaster has also been worn by James Bond in several of the 007 movies.
• The Omega Constellation: The Omega Constellation was first introduced in 1952 and quickly became known for its elegance and precision. The watch features a distinctive "pie-pan" dial and a chronometer-certified movement, making it a popular choice among collectors.
• The Omega De Ville: The Omega De Ville was introduced in 1967 as a dress watch, and it has since become a favorite among watch enthusiasts for its classic styling and precision movements. The De Ville has undergone several design changes over the years, but it remains a popular choice for those looking for a timeless and elegant watch.
Omega remains a highly regarded luxury watchmaker, known for its precision, innovation, and classic designs. The brand has continued to push the boundaries of watchmaking, introducing new models and technologies that have helped it to maintain its reputation as one of the world's leading watchmakers.
Onion Pattern
The onion pattern is a popular design motif used in the decoration of porcelain, especially in European and Chinese porcelain. It typically consists of a central motif, such as a flower or bird, surrounded by concentric circles of leaves, flowers, and other decorative elements. The onion pattern originated in China during the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) and was later adapted by European porcelain makers in the 18th century, by companies such as Meissen, Royal Copenhagen and Hutschenreuther, and in England by manufacturers such as Royal Wedgwood, Crown Derby and Spode. The name "onion pattern" is thought to have originated from the shape of the central motif, which resembles an onion or a pomegranate. The pattern is often executed in underglaze blue, but it can also be found in other colours such as red, green, and gold.
Onoto Pen Company
Onoto pens were produced in England by the Onoto Company Ltd. from 1905 to 1958. The company was founded by George Sweetser, an American, who had previously worked for the British De La Rue Company, a printing firm that also produced fountain pens. Sweetser started the Onoto Company with the aim of producing a high-quality pen that would be reliable and durable.
The name "Onoto" is derived from the Greek word "onotos," which means "ready for use." The first Onoto pens were fitted with a self-filling mechanism that used a plunger to draw ink into the pen. This was a major innovation at the time, as most pens required the use of an eyedropper to fill them.
In 1907, the Onoto Company introduced the "Onoto Magna," which was a larger pen designed for people with larger hands. This was followed by the "Onoto Minor," which was a smaller pen designed for people with smaller hands.
During World War I, the Onoto Company produced pens for the British military, and the pens were used by soldiers in the trenches. In 1929, the company introduced the "Onoto Plunger Filler," which was a new filling mechanism that used a plunger and a rubber sac to draw ink into the pen.
In the 1930s, Onoto pens were used by many famous writers, including Agatha Christie and Winston Churchill. The company also produced a range of luxury pens that were sold at high-end department stores such as Harrods.
World War II had a negative impact on the company, as it was difficult to source materials and many of the company's skilled workers were called up for military service.
In the 1950s, the Onoto Company faced competition from cheaper imported pens, and in 1958 the company was sold to the De La Rue Company, which had originally employed George Sweetser. The Onoto name was eventually phased out in the 1960s, although the De La Rue Company continued to produce pens under its own name.
In 2005, Onoto was reformed with centralised operations in Colney, Norwich and has been introducing limited-edition historic collections of fountain pens made in and for Britain. The company now exists to preserve traditional craftsmanship techniques of master penman.
Onslow Pattern
The Onslow pattern is a design commonly found in silver and silver plated flatware. It is a highly decorative pattern that features a shell motif on the handle, which is often accompanied by scrolls, flowers, and other ornate designs. The Onslow pattern was first introduced in the mid-18th century and has remained a popular choice for flatware enthusiasts throughout the years. The design is named after Arthur Onslow, who served as the Speaker of the House of Commons in England from 1728 to 1761. It is said that Onslow was a great lover of fine silver and that the Onslow pattern was created in his honour.
Onyx
Onyx is a form of agate, used from antiquity and popular again in the 1920s and 30s. European onyx is generally green, but can be many other colours, and can contain bands of black and/or white.
This multicoloured stone is widely used for table tops, lamp bases and in jewellery. Some types of onyx are also used for cameos of which the upper white layer is cut away to reveal the colour beneath.
Opal Glass
Opal glass, also known as milk glass, is a type of opaque glass that is usually white or cream-colored, with a slightly translucent appearance resembling opal. It is produced by adding various materials to the glass during the manufacturing process, such as tin, fluorides, or phosphates, which give it its characteristic milky appearance.
Opal glass has been used for centuries in the production of decorative objects, such as vases, lamps, lamp shades and figurines. It was particularly popular in the 19th century in Europe, where was used by glass makers such as Lalique.
Opal glass is still used today in the production of a wide range of decorative and functional objects, including lampshades, jewelry, and kitchenware. Its milky appearance gives it a timeless, elegant look that is popular with collectors and enthusiasts of antique and vintage glassware.
Opalescent / Opaline
The descriptions of glass as "opalescent" or "opaline" are often used interchangeably by dealers and auction houses. At the upper end of the scale, opalescent / opaline glass can refer to the opal-like milky blue glass produced by Lalique and Etling. It also refers to the pressed glass mass produced in Britain from the 1840s with a milky white edge as sugar-basins, milk jugs and vases were made in great quantities for the mass market, and were sold at fairs along with Staffordshire figures and wooden dolls. A less common type of opalescent glass was made from two layers of glass blown into a mould.
Opalescent Glass
The descriptions of glass as "opalescent" or "opaline" are often used interchangeably by dealers and auction houses. At the upper end of the scale, opalescent / opaline glass can refer to the opal-like milky blue glass produced by Lalique and Etling. It also refers to the pressed glass mass produced in Britain and France from the 1840s with a milky white edge as sugar-basins, milk jugs and vases were made in great quantities for the mass market, and were sold at fairs along with Staffordshire figures and wooden dolls. A less common type of opalescent glass was made from two layers of glass blown into a mould.
Open Mouth Doll
An "open mouth" doll is a doll with a mouth that is designed to be open showing moulded or inserted teeth, as if the doll is in the process of speaking or singing. This type of doll was first introduced in the late 19th century and became increasingly popular in the early 20th century. Open mouth dolls were typically made of bisque, a type of unglazed porcelain that is fired at a lower temperature than traditional porcelain. The open mouth design allowed doll manufacturers to create dolls with a more expressive, lifelike appearance, as the open mouth made it possible to add teeth, a tongue, and other features that added to the doll's realism. Open mouth dolls were often dressed in elaborate costumes and accessories, and were marketed to both children and adults as decorative objects.
Openwork in Jewellery
Openwork, also known as pierced work, is a decorative technique used in jewellery making that involves removing or cutting out sections of metal from a piece of jewellery to create a pattern or design. This technique can be used in a wide range of jewellery styles, including necklaces, bracelets, earrings, and rings.
Openwork jewellery can be made using a variety of different techniques, including hand carving, sawing, and laser cutting. The design can be simple or complex, and can feature a range of different shapes and motifs, from delicate floral patterns to bold geometric designs.
One of the advantages of openwork jewellery is that it can add visual interest and depth to a piece without adding a lot of weight or bulk. This can be particularly appealing in larger pieces, such as necklaces and bracelets, where heavy materials can be uncomfortable to wear.
Ormolu
Ormolu was popular with French craftsmen in the 18th and 19th century for ornamental fittings for furniture, clocks and other decorative items. True ormolu is gilt bronze, that is bronze that has been coated with gold using a mercury amalgam. Due to the health risks associated with using mercury, this method of creating ormolu was discontinued in France in the 1830s. A substitute was developed consisting of about 75% copper and 25% zinc, however it was inferior to the bronze version. It was often lacquered to prevent it tarnishing.
Oroton
Oroton is an Australian fashion house that specializes in luxury handbags and accessories. The company was founded in 1938 by Boyd Lane, who started out as an importer of European textiles. In the 1950s, Oroton began to design and manufacture its own handbags, and quickly became known for its innovative use of metallic mesh. The company's signature mesh bags were a hit with Australian women, and Oroton soon became one of the country's leading fashion brands. Embracing the changing fashion trends and consumer demands of the time, the company rebranded as Oroton in 1951, a name derived from "oro" meaning gold in Spanish and "ton" representing the fabric and textiles aspect of the business.
In the 1970s, Oroton expanded its product range to include a wider variety of handbags, as well as other accessories such as scarves, jewellery, and eyewear. The company also began to export its products to other countries, including the United States and Europe.
In the 1980s, Oroton went public and became a listed company on the Australian Stock Exchange. The company continued to grow and expand in the following decades, and by the 2000s, it had over 100 stores in Australia and New Zealand.
However, like many fashion brands, Oroton faced challenges in the ever-changing retail landscape. In recent years, the company went through ownership changes and financial difficulties, leading to the closure of some stores. However, the company has remained resilient and continues to be a leading fashion brand in Australia.
Orrefors Glasbruk
Orrefors Glasbruk is a famous Swedish glassworks company known for its high-quality crystal and glass products. The company was founded in 1898 in the small village of Orrefors, located in the province of Småland in southern Sweden.
The founders of Orrefors Glasbruk were two brothers, August and Johan Peterson. They established the company with the aim of producing high-quality glassware that would rival the best of what was being produced in Bohemia, which was then the center of the glass industry in Europe.
Orrefors quickly gained a reputation for producing exceptional glassware, and its products became highly sought after by collectors and connoisseurs around the world. The company's success was due in large part to the innovative designs of its master glassmakers, who were constantly experimenting with new techniques and styles.
One of the most important figures in the history of Orrefors was Simon Gate, who joined the company in 1916. Gate was a talented artist and designer who created many of the company's most famous designs, including the Graal technique, which involved overlaying layers of glass to create a three-dimensional effect.
Orrefors continued to produce high-quality glassware throughout the 20th century, despite facing competition from other glass manufacturers around the world. The company was particularly renowned for its stemware, which was used in many of the world's finest restaurants and hotels.
Today, Orrefors Glasbruk remains one of the most important glassworks companies in Sweden. The company's products continue to be highly prized by collectors and are sold in fine department stores and galleries around the world. Orrefors is also known for its collaborations with contemporary designers, which have resulted in a range of innovative and exciting new products
Oscar Heyman & Brothers
Oscar and Nathan Heyman began their formal jewellery apprenticeship in their native Latvia in 1901. The brothers' great-uncle owned a jewellery manufacturing workshop that served the imperial jeweller Fabergé, and the Heymans learned the art of jewellery making from some of the best craftsmen in the world.
In 1906, Oscar and Nathan emigrated to New York City, where they worked for several prestigious jewellery firms before founding their own company in 1912. The company established a reputation for its exquisite craftsmanship and innovative designs. The company produced jewellery for some of the most famous jewellery houses in the world, including Cartier, Tiffany & Co., and Van Cleef & Arpels.
Oscar Heyman & Brothers was also a pioneer in the use of new technologies and materials. In the 1930s, the company began using platinum, which was a relatively new material in jewellery at the time. Oscar Heyman & Brothers is also credited with developing the invisible setting, which allows gemstones to be set without any visible metal prongs. This technique creates a seamless and elegant look that is still widely used today.
Over the years, Oscar Heyman & Brothers has created some of the most iconic pieces of jewellery in the world. Some of the company's most famous creations include the Duchess of Windsor's flame brooch, the Hope Diamond necklace worn by Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, and the Elizabeth Taylor ruby necklace.
Oscar Heyman & Brothers remains a family-owned and operated business, and the company is managed by the second and third generations of the Heyman family. It continues to produce jewellery of the highest quality. Oscar Heyman & Brothers is known as "the jeweller's jeweller," and its pieces are coveted by collectors and celebrities alike.
Osier / Ozier Pattern
When used to decorate porcelain, the osier / ozier pattern is a decorative technique that creates a woven or basket-like pattern on the surface of the ceramic. The pattern is created by using a small, pointed tool to incise lines into the surface of the porcelain, creating the appearance of woven strands. It adds a subtle yet interesting texture to the surface of the piece. The pattern can be applied in a variety of ways, such as in a random or structured arrangement, and can be combined with other decorative techniques, such as hand-painted designs or gold leaf accents.
Osrey Pottery
Osrey Pottery was a studio pottery established in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia in 1922 by Gladys Reynell and George Osborne. The name of the pottery was an acronym formed from their surnames.
Gladys Reynell was South Australia's first studio potter and the first Australian artist to apply modernist principles to the crafts. She had studied ceramics at the South Australian School of Arts and Crafts in Adelaide, and was influenced by the work of British potters such as Bernard Leach and William Staite Murray.
George Osborne was a gardener and ex-serviceman. He helped Gladys with the technical aspects of pottery making, such as firing the kilns.
The pottery produced a range of tableware, decorative pieces, and functional objects. The pottery was known for its use of bright colors, particularly the characteristic "Reynella blue" slip. Gladys Reynell's designs were often geometric and abstract, and she experimented with different glazing techniques.
Osrey Pottery operated for four years, closing in 1926. Gladys Reynell continued to work as a potter, and she later established a new pottery in Adelaide. Her work is now highly sought-after by collectors and museums.
Osvaldo Borsani
Osvaldo Borsani (1911–1985) was an Italian architect, designer, and influential figure in the world of mid-century modern furniture design. He is best known for his innovative and functional furniture creations, as well as his role in co-founding the design company Tecno, which played a significant role in shaping Italian design during the 20th century. He was born on December 22, 1911, in Varedo, near Milan, Italy. He came from a family with a background in furniture making, as his father and uncle were furniture manufacturers. Borsani's early exposure to the world of design and craftsmanship influenced his career path.
In the 1930s, Borsani studied architecture at the Politecnico di Milano. He collaborated with his twin brother, Fulgenzio Borsani, and together they established their design firm, Atelier Varedo, in 1936. The brothers initially focused on architecture and interior design projects. In the post-World War II period, Borsani's design approach evolved to reflect the changing times and technological advancements.
In 1953, Borsani co-founded Tecno with engineer Eugenio Gerli. Tecno became renowned for its cutting-edge designs, which combined aesthetics with engineering excellence. Borsani's furniture designs for Tecno often featured modular components, adjustable features, and versatile functionality. One of his most iconic designs is the P40 lounge chair, which featured an adjustable reclining mechanism.
Throughout his career, Borsani received numerous awards and accolades for his design work, including recognition at international design exhibitions. His designs were celebrated for their elegant lines, attention to detail, and user-centered approach.
Oswald Noel Coulson
Oswald Noel Coulson (known as Noel) was born in Geelong in 1905 and studied architecture at the Gordon Institute of Technology in Geelong. In 1923 became a pupil of the architect I.G. Anderson, responsible for several public buildings in Geelong and later worked as an architect, interior designer and landscape designer after establishing his own business in the 1950s. He designed interiors and furniture as well as domestic architecture and designed the gardens for the 1956 Olympic Games village in the Melbourne suburb of Heidelberg. However the core of his business were interiors for a wealthy and sophisticated predominantly Jewish business clientele in Toorak and South Yarra. He retired in 1970 but remained active until ca.1975.
Ottoman
The term was used during the 18th and early 19th centuries to describe an upholstered deep couch, usually without arms, sometimes with a seat on either side of a central divide. Named after those found in the luxurious palaces of the Ottoman (Turkish) Empire.
It later came to refer specifically to an upholstered day bed containing a deep box base in which linen, clothing and other domestic effects could be stored. Popular until the 1920s.
Over Upholstered Seat
In the mid 19th century coiled upholstery springs came into use and frame of the chair was used as the upholstery frame, making for a much more comfortable and responsive seat. The springs were held in place by webbing and were covered with horse hair, coconut fibre or seaweed with the edges stiched so they were more defined.
This type of seat was known as an over-upholstered or over-stuffed seat
Prior to this, a drop in (or "drop on") seat was commonly used. This was an unsprung removable seat where the upholstery was attached to a wooden frame, which was held in place by the sides of the chair, and usually a wooden peg at the front of the chair. Because the upholstery frame was not very deep, the seats were relatively uncomfortable.
Overglaze on Porcelain
Overglaze decoration on porcelain refers to a decorative technique where designs are painted onto a fired and glazed porcelain surface, and then fired again at a lower temperature to fuse the decorative design onto the glaze surface. This technique allows for a wide range of colors and intricate designs that would not be possible with underglaze decoration, which is applied before the glaze is fired.
Overlay Glass
Overlay glass is coloured glass that has been created by sandwiching two or more layers of different coloured glass together. The layers are fused together through a process of heating and melting in a glass furnace, and the resulting glass has a unique colour and depth that is not found in single-layered glasses.
The technique of overlaying glass has been used for centuries, and was particularly popular in the Venetian glass industry during the Renaissance. Different colours of glass were layered to create intricate designs, and then the layers were carved and etched to create intricate patterns and details.
Overstuffed (in Upholstery)
"Overstuffed" is a traditional term used to describe seat furniture where the upholstery completely covers the wooden frame, but the description is little used nowadays.
Oviform /ovoid
The outline loosely resembling the shape of an egg.
Ovolu Moulding
An ovolo moulding is a type of architectural moulding that features a convex shape with a quarter-round profile. It is characterized by a smooth, rounded edge that projects from a flat surface, and is commonly used as a decorative trim. The moulding is used to trim the edges of furniture components, such as table tops, cabinet doors, and drawer fronts, or can be used to create decorative accents, such as panels, medallions, and rosettes.
Owen Jones
Owen Jones (1809-1874) was a British architect, designer, and writer who played a major role in the development of the Victorian design aesthetic. Born in London, Jones studied at the Royal Academy of Arts and the Royal Institute of British Architects before beginning his career as an architect and designer.
In the 1830s, Jones became interested in the revival of medieval design and the use of historical styles in architecture and decorative arts. He was particularly influenced by the work of Augustus Pugin, who advocated for a return to traditional craftsmanship and the use of Gothic architecture in contemporary design.
Jones became a prominent figure in the Arts and Crafts movement, which sought to promote traditional crafts and design in the face of industrialization. He became involved in a number of important design projects, including the decoration of the Crystal Palace for the Great Exhibition of 1851, where he was responsible for the colour scheme and decorative motifs.
Jones was also a prolific writer on design and architecture, and published several influential works, including "The Grammar of Ornament" (1856), a comprehensive survey of decorative styles from around the world, which is still considered a classic work in the field of design history.
Oxidised (finish in Jewellery)
An oxidised finish in jewellery, particularly gold, refers to a surface treatment that intentionally darkens or blackens the metal surface to create an antique or vintage look. The process involves using a chemical solution to speed up the natural tarnishing or corrosion of the metal, resulting in a dark, matte or semi-matte finish.
In gold jewellery, oxidised finishes are typically applied to lower karat gold alloys, such as 14k or 18k gold, rather than higher karat gold, such as 22k or 24k gold. This is because lower karat gold alloys contain more base metals, such as copper, which are more reactive and prone to tarnishing.
Oxidised finishes in gold jewellery can create a wide range of looks, from a subtle aged patina to a more dramatic blackened finish, depending on the strength and duration of the chemical treatment. This type of finish can add depth and character to jewellery designs, and is often used to create contrast between different elements or textures in a piece.
Oyster Veneer
"Oyster veneer" is a method of veneering occasionally used on antique furniture pieces. It refers to the use of thin, delicate sheets of wood that were cut from the growth rings of a tree to create a decorative pattern that resembles the texture and appearance of an oyster shell.
To create oyster veneer, the woodworker would carefully cut slices of the wood at a slight angle to the grain, so that the annual rings would be visible on the surface of the veneer. The resulting pattern looks similar to the swirling, irregular lines on the surface of an oyster shell, which is where the name comes from.
Oyster veneer was used to embellish high-end antique furniture pieces, such as cabinets, desks, and tables during the 18th and 19th centuries.